Update: Pills To Replace Exercising Could Soon Become Reality

What can be greater than taking a pill that would make your fat disappear and your muscle work as if you were doing aerobic but actually, you weren’t? What can be greater than that? Two pills that can do that for you discovered by scientists at the Salk Institute for Biological Studies in California and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute in La Jolla, California led by Prof. Ronald Evans.



It’s true that the pills were tried only on lab mice, but there is a great chance that one day the pills would work on humans too, the scientists believe. Moreover, Prof. Evans believes the pills should help people who are too frail to exercise and those with health problems like, obesity, diabetes that are improved with exercise. Keeping the body in great shape and fat-free, it reduces the risk of various types of cancers and heart disease as well. The pills could also help reverse the muscle frailty associated with aging, or disease such as muscular dystrophy.


The two “breakthrough” pills, as they were called, are labeled AICAR and GW1516. AICAR licensed by Schering-Plough Corp. is currently studied in humans to help control bleeding during open-heart surgery. GW1516 used to be developed by GlaxoSmithKline as a drug against dyslipidemia, a disorder affecting cholesterol. However, side effects of the drug, made the company give up producing it.


Four years ago, Prof. Evans and colleagues reported that they boosted endurance in mice by tweaking a mouse gene to boost the activity of a protein called PPAR-delta. Then the researchers tried to get the same result but this time without genetic engineering. More exactly, they squirted GW1516 into mice’s mouths every day for a month. GW1516 boosts PPAR-delta and the mice who were given the pill were exercising. At the end of the month, the researchers were surprised to find out that the mice ran 68 percent longer and 70 percent farther compared to when the experiment began. On the other hand, mice that were given GW1516, but were not exercising saw no improvements, the researchers found.


Then the researchers focused on another protein called AMPK and did the same experiment for a month this time giving the mice a daily injection of AICAR, which boosts AMPK. The mice involved in the experiment were not working. At the end of the follow-up period, mice given AICAR ran 23 percent longer and 44 percent farther than those who weren’t given anything.


“If you like exercise, you like the idea of getting more bang for your buck. If you don’t like exercise, you love the idea of getting the benefits from a pill,” Prof. Evans said in a statement.


How exactly the pills worked to lead to such good results is not a mystery. The researchers noted that the drug seemed to change the physical composition of muscle by burning the excessive fat, the same thing that happens in distance runners or those with intensive training in different sports.


And if the pills had such good results in mice, why shouldn’t they work the same in humans? The researchers have strong believes that they will reach that day when the pill will be beneficial for humans as well. Of course, there is a “but” in every discovery. However wonderful the benefits of the two pills are, the researchers fear that they could be misused in sports. And with the Beijing Olympics approaching, the researcher fear about the potential for abuse by athletes present in the competition, especially that the pills can be easily synthesized in any laboratory.


Especially for this reason, Prof. Evans has devised a test to detect whether an athlete has taken the drugs and has made it available to the World Anti-Doping Agency, which prepares a list of forbidden substances for the International Olympic Committee. Anti-doping officials confirmed the collaboration with Prof. Evans on a test that screens athletes’ blood and urine for even the tiniest traces of the two substances, but could not say when they would start using it.


“Thanks to the much appreciated cooperation of Ron Evans and his team at the Salk Institute, WADA received key information in advance in order to develop and implement ways to detect these molecules,” a statement of the agency read.


Prof. Evans’ findings come at a short time after another experiment on mice showed that those fed with a diet supplemented with resveratrol did not live longer than other mice but were far healthier in several important measures. The compounds, usually found in red wine, but also in the crust of peanuts and walnuts, in grapes, blueberries, peanut butter, pistachios and other foods appeared to ward off the effects of aging on heart, bones, eyes and muscle of mice, improving conditions that make the elderly very frail like cataracts, osteoporosis and poor motor coordination.