Bangladesh and India are the countries most vulnerable to climate change, according to an index on Wednesday that rates the Nordic region least at risk.
British consultancy Maplecroft said its rankings showed that several "big economies of the future" in Asia were among those facing the biggest risks from global warming in the next 30 years as were large parts of Africa.
It said poverty and large low-lying coastal regions prone to floods and cyclones were among factors making Bangladesh the most exposed country. India, in second place, was vulnerable because of pressures from a rising population of 1.1 billion.
Madagascar was in third place, followed by Nepal, Mozambique, the Philippines, Haiti, Afghanistan, Zimbabwe and Myanmar. Vietnam, in 13th place and flood-hit Pakistan in 16th were also in the most exposed group.
"Understanding climate vulnerability will help companies make their investments more resilient to unexpected change," wrote Matthew Bunce, principal analyst at Maplecroft, who noted that many Asian countries were attracting large investments.
Norway was bottom of the list of 171 nations, least vulnerable ahead of Finland, Iceland, Ireland, Sweden and Denmark -- all rich north European nations which may initially gain from factors such as longer crop growing seasons.
The ranking combined exposure to extremes such as droughts, cyclones and mudslides, sensitivity to damage tied to poverty, population, internal conflicts and dependence on agriculture, and the capacity of a country to adapt.
The U.N. panel of climate scientists says it is at least 90 percent likely that a build-up of greenhouse gases, mainly from human use of fossil fuels, is responsible for most warming in the past 50 years.
COURTSEY ENN
Wednesday, October 20, 2010
Tuesday, October 19, 2010
Honda Crowned Greenest Automaker
The Union of Concerned Scientists released their annual "green" ranking of automakers, and for the fifth year in a row, Honda has taken top honors.
The study looked at 2008 models because that was the most recent year that had complete data from the EPA and Transportation Department. The group analyzed the top eight automakers selling cars in the U.S. on both fuel economy and emissions for the entire fleets. Good fuel economy and low emissions had to hold strong across all sizes of vehicles to get the best scores. Results were also weighted based on sales.
Behind Honda by only one point was Toyota in second place and then Hyundai in third. American automakers like Ford, GM and Chrysler made up the bottom three.
The group noted that the Prius is a major factor in Toyota's score. If the Prius was removed, it would rank fourth overall, but the efficiency and healthy sales of the car boosted its score.
The American automakers suffered because many of the hybrid models don't offer any significant fuel savings and larger vehicles are highly inefficient.
via NY Times
The study looked at 2008 models because that was the most recent year that had complete data from the EPA and Transportation Department. The group analyzed the top eight automakers selling cars in the U.S. on both fuel economy and emissions for the entire fleets. Good fuel economy and low emissions had to hold strong across all sizes of vehicles to get the best scores. Results were also weighted based on sales.
Behind Honda by only one point was Toyota in second place and then Hyundai in third. American automakers like Ford, GM and Chrysler made up the bottom three.
The group noted that the Prius is a major factor in Toyota's score. If the Prius was removed, it would rank fourth overall, but the efficiency and healthy sales of the car boosted its score.
The American automakers suffered because many of the hybrid models don't offer any significant fuel savings and larger vehicles are highly inefficient.
via NY Times
Kodiak Island Ditches Diesel, Digs Wind
Kodiak Island, Alaska is an isolated island off the south coast of the state and gets no power from the state's main grid. Like other isolated islands, Kodiak has relied upon diesel generators to provide a large chunk of their energy needs, but the island is starting to ditch the diesel and harness the wind.
Up until recently, the island got 80 percent of its energy from a two-unit hydroelectric plant and the other 20 percent from seven diesel generators. The island installed three 1.5-MW wind turbines atop Pillar Mountain last year and as of this past August, those wind turbines have replaced most of their need for diesel, with the oil only accounting for 7.7 percent of their energy.
The Pillar Mountain Wind Project will save over a million gallons of fuel a year. The Kodiak Electric Associaton (PDF) hopes to produce 95 percent of their energy through renewable sources by 2020 and they're already most of the way there.
While Kodiak Island only has a population of 12,000, it seems places like this are leading the way to a clean energy future.
via Earth Techling
Up until recently, the island got 80 percent of its energy from a two-unit hydroelectric plant and the other 20 percent from seven diesel generators. The island installed three 1.5-MW wind turbines atop Pillar Mountain last year and as of this past August, those wind turbines have replaced most of their need for diesel, with the oil only accounting for 7.7 percent of their energy.
The Pillar Mountain Wind Project will save over a million gallons of fuel a year. The Kodiak Electric Associaton (PDF) hopes to produce 95 percent of their energy through renewable sources by 2020 and they're already most of the way there.
While Kodiak Island only has a population of 12,000, it seems places like this are leading the way to a clean energy future.
via Earth Techling
green rankings global top100
Showing Results 1 to 20 of the Green Rankings Global Top 100PreviousNextPageof 5 Rank Company Industry Sector Green
Score Envtl.
Impact Green
Policies Rep.
Survey
1 International Business Machines» Technology 100.00 93.96 91.30 96.00
2 Hewlett-Packard» Technology 99.33 58.92 95.56 92.87
3 Johnson & Johnson» Pharmaceuticals 98.51 42.98 100.00 77.58
4 Sony» Consumer Products, Cars 96.40 56.94 97.26 64.32
5 GlaxoSmithKline» Pharmaceuticals 94.18 64.95 91.36 73.62
6 Novartis» Pharmaceuticals 91.48 53.97 89.64 67.43
7 Deutsche Telekom» Technology 91.40 95.94 84.04 67.04
8 Panasonic» Consumer Products, Cars 90.67 44.96 90.63 64.19
9 HSBC Holdings» Banks and Insurance 90.18 96.93 78.80 81.72
10 Toshiba» Technology 87.73 52.98 86.61 55.09
11 Vodafone» Technology 87.09 62.97 83.22 61.81
12 Barclays» Banks and Insurance 86.55 88.91 78.22 64.28
13 Intesa SanPaolo» Banks and Insurance 86.42 92.97 82.92 37.50
14 Nokia» Technology 86.01 79.90 71.97 100.00
15 ING Groep» Banks and Insurance 85.56 70.99 80.22 59.85
16 Nippon Telegraph & Telephone» Technology 85.41 94.95 79.42 45.87
17 Toyota Motor» Consumer Products, Cars 85.15 33.97 82.40 75.71
18 Honda Motor» Consumer Products, Cars 84.98 29.91 85.31 68.43
19 Allianz» Banks and Insurance 84.32 69.90 75.28 73.91
20 Pfizer» Pharmaceuticals 83.18 54.96 78.11 59.27
Order 2010 Green Rankings Reports for expanded analysis.Showing Results 1 to 20 of the Green Rankings Global Top 100PreviousNextPageof 5 *Green number denotes overall list ranking
For the 2009 Green Rankings list go to greenrankings2009.newsweek.com
More In Green Rankings
Why There's Still Hope for Cutting Carbon Interactive: 100 Places To Remember 10 Big Green Ideas
View the 2009 Green Rankings list.
Score Envtl.
Impact Green
Policies Rep.
Survey
1 International Business Machines» Technology 100.00 93.96 91.30 96.00
2 Hewlett-Packard» Technology 99.33 58.92 95.56 92.87
3 Johnson & Johnson» Pharmaceuticals 98.51 42.98 100.00 77.58
4 Sony» Consumer Products, Cars 96.40 56.94 97.26 64.32
5 GlaxoSmithKline» Pharmaceuticals 94.18 64.95 91.36 73.62
6 Novartis» Pharmaceuticals 91.48 53.97 89.64 67.43
7 Deutsche Telekom» Technology 91.40 95.94 84.04 67.04
8 Panasonic» Consumer Products, Cars 90.67 44.96 90.63 64.19
9 HSBC Holdings» Banks and Insurance 90.18 96.93 78.80 81.72
10 Toshiba» Technology 87.73 52.98 86.61 55.09
11 Vodafone» Technology 87.09 62.97 83.22 61.81
12 Barclays» Banks and Insurance 86.55 88.91 78.22 64.28
13 Intesa SanPaolo» Banks and Insurance 86.42 92.97 82.92 37.50
14 Nokia» Technology 86.01 79.90 71.97 100.00
15 ING Groep» Banks and Insurance 85.56 70.99 80.22 59.85
16 Nippon Telegraph & Telephone» Technology 85.41 94.95 79.42 45.87
17 Toyota Motor» Consumer Products, Cars 85.15 33.97 82.40 75.71
18 Honda Motor» Consumer Products, Cars 84.98 29.91 85.31 68.43
19 Allianz» Banks and Insurance 84.32 69.90 75.28 73.91
20 Pfizer» Pharmaceuticals 83.18 54.96 78.11 59.27
Order 2010 Green Rankings Reports for expanded analysis.Showing Results 1 to 20 of the Green Rankings Global Top 100PreviousNextPageof 5 *Green number denotes overall list ranking
For the 2009 Green Rankings list go to greenrankings2009.newsweek.com
More In Green Rankings
Why There's Still Hope for Cutting Carbon Interactive: 100 Places To Remember 10 Big Green Ideas
View the 2009 Green Rankings list.
Post-BP Gulf gets slightly lower grades from experts
Post-BP Gulf gets slightly lower grades from experts
Average health score is 65, down from 71; big questions about spill impacts lie below the sea Interactive
Grading the Gulf Advertisement | ad info
Patrick Semansky / AP
An oil-covered crab crawls on a glove worn by Plaquemines Parish coastal zone director P.J. Hahn in Bay Jimmy, La., last Thursday.
By Cain Burdeau and Seth Borenstein
The Associated Press
ST. PETE BEACH, Fla. — Six months after the rig explosion that led to the largest offshore oil spill in U.S. history, damage to the Gulf of Mexico can be measured more in increments than extinctions, say scientists polled by The Associated Press.
More U.S. news Dems make $250 pre-election pitch to seniors
Democrats are making a pre-election pitch to give Social Security recipients a one-time payment of $250, part of an effort to lure senior voters. Full story
Updated 6 minutes ago 10/19/2010 4:27:53 PM +00:00 JetBlue attendant in famous meltdown pleads guilty Updated 24 minutes ago 10/19/2010 4:09:51 PM +00:00 Police account of NY student's death is questioned Updated 14 minutes ago 10/19/2010 4:19:35 PM +00:00 Nurse: 3 soldiers unafraid facing Fort Hood gunman Updated 55 minutes ago 10/19/2010 3:38:51 PM +00:00 Police hunt shooter after bullets hit Pentagon In an informal survey, 35 researchers who study the Gulf lowered their rating of its ecological health by several points, compared to their assessment before the BP well gushed millions of gallons of oil. But the drop in grade wasn't dramatic. On a scale of 0 to 100, the overall average grade for the oiled Gulf was 65 — down from 71 before the spill.
This reflects scientists' views that the spilled 172 million gallons of oil further eroded what was already a beleaguered body of water — tainted for years by farm runoff from the Mississippi River, overfishing, and oil from smaller spills and natural seepage.
The spill wasn't the near-death blow initially feared. Nor is it the glancing strike that some relieved experts and officials said it was in midsummer.
"It is like a concussion," said Larry McKinney, who heads the Gulf of Mexico research center at Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi. "We got hit hard and we certainly are seeing some symptoms of it."
Will the symptoms stick around or just become yesterday's headaches? That's the question that couldn't be answered at a conference earlier this month of 150 scientists at a hotel on a Florida beach untainted by the spill. The St. Pete Beach gathering was organized by the White House science office to coordinate future research.
"There's the sense that it's not as bad as we had originally feared; it's not that worst case scenario," said Steve Lohrenz, a biological oceanographer at the University of Southern Mississippi. "There's still a lot of wariness of what that long-term impact is going to be."
Steve Murawski, the chief fisheries scientist for the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, compared scientists research to a TV crime drama: "It's the end of the story that counts, not all the steps along the way."
We're only at the 30-minute break in an hour-long drama, Murawski said.
Focus turns to sea bottom
And there's a plot twist. Research findings already released have led scientists and the government to shift their focus from the sea's surface to deeper waters and the ocean bottom.
A month-long cruise by Georgia researchers on the ship Oceanus reported oil on the sea floor that they suspect is BP's but haven't proven yet. Government officials still question whether there is oil on the sea floor, but the Georgia scientists say the samples smelled like an auto repair shop.
They took 78 cores of sediment and only five had live worms in them. Usually they would all have life, said University of Georgia scientist Samantha Joye. She called it a "graveyard for the macrofauna."
"The fact that there isn't living fauna is a signal that something happened to these sites and these sediments," Joye said. "The horrible thing is they've been inundated with this oily material... There's dead animals on the bottom and it stinks to high heaven of oil."
University of South Florida's Ernst Peebles said the oil on the floor "is undermining the ecosystem from the bottom up."
David Hollander, also at South Florida, found some of the first plumes of the oil beneath the surface, something that government officials first disputed but now concede is real. Keeping the oil off the surface minimized damage to wetlands, beaches and some wildlife, so in some ways, "we dodged the bullet," he said.
Patrick Semansky / AP
Plaquemines Parish coastal zone director P.J. Hahn walks through oiled marsh grass in Bay Jimmy, La., last Thursday.
There are several reasons a sizable amount of oil didn't make it to the surface where it could do more visual harm. For one thing, BP used 1.8 million gallons of chemical dispersants to break up the oil. But scientists give more credit to the high pressure and high temperature of the gusher that spewed the oil in droplets so tiny, they didn't float to the surface.
"We still don't know the long-term effect," Hollander said.
Scientists worry the oil deep below will get into plankton and the food web, maybe not killing species directly but causing genetic mutations, stress or weakening some species, with effects that will only be seen years later.
"I think populations are going to be affected for years to come," said Diane Blake, a Tulane University biochemist. "This is going to cause selective (evolutionary) pressure that's going to change the Gulf in ways we don't even know yet."
It was a long-term assault from the well. From April 20, when the Deepwater Horizon rig exploded, killing 11 people, to July 15 when the well was initially plugged, oil bled at a prodigious rate that BP and government officials had a hard time understanding. Initially, officials said only 42,000 gallons a day was flowing, but government scientists eventually said it was as much as 2.6 million gallons a day.
Example of Exxon Valdez and herring
One of the species mentioned most often during two days of scientific sessions in Florida doesn't even live in the Gulf. It's herring. After 1989's much smaller Exxon Valdez spill, it took awhile for the effects on Alaska's herring to be noticed, but the once prolific species crashed to extremely low levels. While other species in Prince William Sound recovered, the herring population has yet to bounce back. And Gulf researchers are wondering if that sort of thing will happen again.
Only on msnbc.com 'Double standard' in White House leak probes? Hot-button issue: Discussing politics at work What to do if we find alien life Could Hollywood be the next Chinatown? PhotoBlog: Faces of the Tea Party Moms, teach your daughters about money too If one species in the Gulf is likely to wind up like the herring, it's probably the bluefin tuna. And answers about its fate may be sitting in a lab in Poland.
Thanks to a 30-year agreement that dates to Cold War politics, that distant lab is analyzing samples of Gulf water collected in the spill area for the U.S. government. The tests are to find out what the oil did to the larvae. The bluefin was already in trouble before the spill, its spawning stock down 90 percent in the last 30 years.
The spill, 50 miles off the Louisiana coast, happened in the precise place at just the right time to threaten the bluefin larvae bobbing on the surface. The Gulf of Mexico is the only known spawning area for western Atlantic bluefin.
"Was it catastrophic for the bluefin? Probably not," said NOAA's John Lamkin, who expects data back from Poland near the end of the year. But he added: "Any larvae that came into contact with the oil doesn't have a chance."
Average health score is 65, down from 71; big questions about spill impacts lie below the sea Interactive
Grading the Gulf Advertisement | ad info
Patrick Semansky / AP
An oil-covered crab crawls on a glove worn by Plaquemines Parish coastal zone director P.J. Hahn in Bay Jimmy, La., last Thursday.
By Cain Burdeau and Seth Borenstein
The Associated Press
ST. PETE BEACH, Fla. — Six months after the rig explosion that led to the largest offshore oil spill in U.S. history, damage to the Gulf of Mexico can be measured more in increments than extinctions, say scientists polled by The Associated Press.
More U.S. news Dems make $250 pre-election pitch to seniors
Democrats are making a pre-election pitch to give Social Security recipients a one-time payment of $250, part of an effort to lure senior voters. Full story
Updated 6 minutes ago 10/19/2010 4:27:53 PM +00:00 JetBlue attendant in famous meltdown pleads guilty Updated 24 minutes ago 10/19/2010 4:09:51 PM +00:00 Police account of NY student's death is questioned Updated 14 minutes ago 10/19/2010 4:19:35 PM +00:00 Nurse: 3 soldiers unafraid facing Fort Hood gunman Updated 55 minutes ago 10/19/2010 3:38:51 PM +00:00 Police hunt shooter after bullets hit Pentagon In an informal survey, 35 researchers who study the Gulf lowered their rating of its ecological health by several points, compared to their assessment before the BP well gushed millions of gallons of oil. But the drop in grade wasn't dramatic. On a scale of 0 to 100, the overall average grade for the oiled Gulf was 65 — down from 71 before the spill.
This reflects scientists' views that the spilled 172 million gallons of oil further eroded what was already a beleaguered body of water — tainted for years by farm runoff from the Mississippi River, overfishing, and oil from smaller spills and natural seepage.
The spill wasn't the near-death blow initially feared. Nor is it the glancing strike that some relieved experts and officials said it was in midsummer.
"It is like a concussion," said Larry McKinney, who heads the Gulf of Mexico research center at Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi. "We got hit hard and we certainly are seeing some symptoms of it."
Will the symptoms stick around or just become yesterday's headaches? That's the question that couldn't be answered at a conference earlier this month of 150 scientists at a hotel on a Florida beach untainted by the spill. The St. Pete Beach gathering was organized by the White House science office to coordinate future research.
"There's the sense that it's not as bad as we had originally feared; it's not that worst case scenario," said Steve Lohrenz, a biological oceanographer at the University of Southern Mississippi. "There's still a lot of wariness of what that long-term impact is going to be."
Steve Murawski, the chief fisheries scientist for the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, compared scientists research to a TV crime drama: "It's the end of the story that counts, not all the steps along the way."
We're only at the 30-minute break in an hour-long drama, Murawski said.
Focus turns to sea bottom
And there's a plot twist. Research findings already released have led scientists and the government to shift their focus from the sea's surface to deeper waters and the ocean bottom.
A month-long cruise by Georgia researchers on the ship Oceanus reported oil on the sea floor that they suspect is BP's but haven't proven yet. Government officials still question whether there is oil on the sea floor, but the Georgia scientists say the samples smelled like an auto repair shop.
They took 78 cores of sediment and only five had live worms in them. Usually they would all have life, said University of Georgia scientist Samantha Joye. She called it a "graveyard for the macrofauna."
"The fact that there isn't living fauna is a signal that something happened to these sites and these sediments," Joye said. "The horrible thing is they've been inundated with this oily material... There's dead animals on the bottom and it stinks to high heaven of oil."
University of South Florida's Ernst Peebles said the oil on the floor "is undermining the ecosystem from the bottom up."
David Hollander, also at South Florida, found some of the first plumes of the oil beneath the surface, something that government officials first disputed but now concede is real. Keeping the oil off the surface minimized damage to wetlands, beaches and some wildlife, so in some ways, "we dodged the bullet," he said.
Patrick Semansky / AP
Plaquemines Parish coastal zone director P.J. Hahn walks through oiled marsh grass in Bay Jimmy, La., last Thursday.
There are several reasons a sizable amount of oil didn't make it to the surface where it could do more visual harm. For one thing, BP used 1.8 million gallons of chemical dispersants to break up the oil. But scientists give more credit to the high pressure and high temperature of the gusher that spewed the oil in droplets so tiny, they didn't float to the surface.
"We still don't know the long-term effect," Hollander said.
Scientists worry the oil deep below will get into plankton and the food web, maybe not killing species directly but causing genetic mutations, stress or weakening some species, with effects that will only be seen years later.
"I think populations are going to be affected for years to come," said Diane Blake, a Tulane University biochemist. "This is going to cause selective (evolutionary) pressure that's going to change the Gulf in ways we don't even know yet."
It was a long-term assault from the well. From April 20, when the Deepwater Horizon rig exploded, killing 11 people, to July 15 when the well was initially plugged, oil bled at a prodigious rate that BP and government officials had a hard time understanding. Initially, officials said only 42,000 gallons a day was flowing, but government scientists eventually said it was as much as 2.6 million gallons a day.
Example of Exxon Valdez and herring
One of the species mentioned most often during two days of scientific sessions in Florida doesn't even live in the Gulf. It's herring. After 1989's much smaller Exxon Valdez spill, it took awhile for the effects on Alaska's herring to be noticed, but the once prolific species crashed to extremely low levels. While other species in Prince William Sound recovered, the herring population has yet to bounce back. And Gulf researchers are wondering if that sort of thing will happen again.
Only on msnbc.com 'Double standard' in White House leak probes? Hot-button issue: Discussing politics at work What to do if we find alien life Could Hollywood be the next Chinatown? PhotoBlog: Faces of the Tea Party Moms, teach your daughters about money too If one species in the Gulf is likely to wind up like the herring, it's probably the bluefin tuna. And answers about its fate may be sitting in a lab in Poland.
Thanks to a 30-year agreement that dates to Cold War politics, that distant lab is analyzing samples of Gulf water collected in the spill area for the U.S. government. The tests are to find out what the oil did to the larvae. The bluefin was already in trouble before the spill, its spawning stock down 90 percent in the last 30 years.
The spill, 50 miles off the Louisiana coast, happened in the precise place at just the right time to threaten the bluefin larvae bobbing on the surface. The Gulf of Mexico is the only known spawning area for western Atlantic bluefin.
"Was it catastrophic for the bluefin? Probably not," said NOAA's John Lamkin, who expects data back from Poland near the end of the year. But he added: "Any larvae that came into contact with the oil doesn't have a chance."
Monday, October 18, 2010
Super typhoon hits Philippines
The Philippines declared a state of calamity in a northern province after super typhoon Megi made landfall on Monday, cutting off power, forcing flight cancellations and putting the region's rice crop at risk.
Megi, the 10th and strongest typhoon to hit the Philippines this year, hit Isabela province at 11:25 a.m. (0325 GMT) and was heading west-southwest across the north of the main island of Luzon with winds of 190 kph (117 mph) near the center, forecasters said.
Tropical Storm Risk (www.tropicalstormrisk.com) said Megi, known locally as Juan, was a category 5 super typhoon, the highest rating, with winds of more than 250 kph (155 mph).
The weather bureau said the typhoon had weakened and slowed down after it slammed into mountains in northwest Luzon late in the morning.
Lieutenant-General Gaudencio Pangilinan, head of the military in northern Luzon, said the typhoon's fury was felt in Cagayan and Isabela provinces, where trees were uprooted and roofs of houses blown away.
"There's almost zero visibility in some areas due to heavy rain and strong wind," Pangilinan told Reuters by phone. "We expect extensive damage on property and agriculture. We're still validating reports from the field."
The typhoon is expected to clear Luzon island on Monday night, and head across the South China Sea toward China and possibly Vietnam, which is already suffering from floods
Megi, the 10th and strongest typhoon to hit the Philippines this year, hit Isabela province at 11:25 a.m. (0325 GMT) and was heading west-southwest across the north of the main island of Luzon with winds of 190 kph (117 mph) near the center, forecasters said.
Tropical Storm Risk (www.tropicalstormrisk.com) said Megi, known locally as Juan, was a category 5 super typhoon, the highest rating, with winds of more than 250 kph (155 mph).
The weather bureau said the typhoon had weakened and slowed down after it slammed into mountains in northwest Luzon late in the morning.
Lieutenant-General Gaudencio Pangilinan, head of the military in northern Luzon, said the typhoon's fury was felt in Cagayan and Isabela provinces, where trees were uprooted and roofs of houses blown away.
"There's almost zero visibility in some areas due to heavy rain and strong wind," Pangilinan told Reuters by phone. "We expect extensive damage on property and agriculture. We're still validating reports from the field."
The typhoon is expected to clear Luzon island on Monday night, and head across the South China Sea toward China and possibly Vietnam, which is already suffering from floods
EPA: Blowing Big Coal’s Top on Mountaintop Coal Mining
If it were ever possible or even realistic to put the words Appalachia and victory in the same sentence, this might be one of those rare times: the Environmental Protection Agency's Region 3 Administrator Shawn Garvin has recommended the withdrawal of the mining permit for the nation's largest proposed mountaintop removal coal mine site, the Spruce No. 1 Mine in Logan County, West Virginia.
If Garvin's decision, released in an 84-page report on Friday, becomes the final EPA say about Spruce No. 1, the mine's owner, Arch Coal, will be barred from disposing mining waste in the state's streams. This will effectively block operation of the mine.
A year ago the EPA determined that Spruce No. 1 "raised significant environmental and water quality concerns" and halted further action on the company's Clean Water permit process. A subsequent legal maneuver appeared to set the stage for EPA and Arch to work out their differences regarding Spruce No. 1 and for EPA to determine if a revised mining plan could be developed that would comply with the Clean Water Act.
But Garvin's report said the mine should be halted because "mitigation is not likely to offset anticipated impacts."
If allowed to proceed, Spruce No.1 would clear more than 2,200 acres of forest, bury more than seven miles of headwater streams, and contaminate the downstream water supply. In mountaintop coal removal, the tops of mountains are literally blasted away to get at the coal seams.
If Garvin's decision, released in an 84-page report on Friday, becomes the final EPA say about Spruce No. 1, the mine's owner, Arch Coal, will be barred from disposing mining waste in the state's streams. This will effectively block operation of the mine.
A year ago the EPA determined that Spruce No. 1 "raised significant environmental and water quality concerns" and halted further action on the company's Clean Water permit process. A subsequent legal maneuver appeared to set the stage for EPA and Arch to work out their differences regarding Spruce No. 1 and for EPA to determine if a revised mining plan could be developed that would comply with the Clean Water Act.
But Garvin's report said the mine should be halted because "mitigation is not likely to offset anticipated impacts."
If allowed to proceed, Spruce No.1 would clear more than 2,200 acres of forest, bury more than seven miles of headwater streams, and contaminate the downstream water supply. In mountaintop coal removal, the tops of mountains are literally blasted away to get at the coal seams.
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